THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGES ON SURFACE WATER RESOURCES: A CASE STUDY OF EGYPT

Document Type : Researches

Authors

1 Emerg. Cent., Dept. Mechanics and Elect. Min. Water Res. and Irrig., Egypt.

2 Nat. Res., Inst. Asian Studies and Res., Zagazig Univ., Egypt.

Abstract

Egypt is located in northeastern Africa, between latitudes 22° and 32° and longitudes 24° and 37°, with a total area of about 1002000 square kilometers. In this research, we aim to analyze the impact of climate change on surface water resources in the country. To achieve this objective, we will evaluate the distribution of the temperature and rainfall in different regions of Egypt, investigate the current effects of climate change on surface water resources, and predict the future implications of climate change on surface water resources. Data related to monthly climate variables were gathered for Egypt region from 32 meteorological stations, covering the period from 1991 to 2020. The variables included air temperature (minimum and maximum), wind speed, air humidity, sunshine period, irradiance, and precipitation. The sources of this data were Egypt Atmospheric as well as the CLIMWAT databases. Graphs are created to visualize changes over time in weather stations. Data were presented using Boxplot. The aridity index was calculated to classify the different climates and assess the available water resources in Egypt. For geographical areas with similar weather conditions. The aridity scale was calculated as a means of describing the water shortage in each area. As for the reference statistic for average annual evaporation (ETo) (5.032 mm/day), the annual average rainfall in Egypt (19.6 mm), The results showed that water evaporation is approximately 94 times greater than rainfall. The annual rate of water loss due to evaporation is much greater than the annual rate of rainfall.

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Sinai Journal of Applied Sciences
Volume 13, Issue 1
January and February 2024
Pages 73-94

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